Stranger to Oneself: From the Nineteenth Century to the Present
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Abstract
The study aims to present the topic of alienation chronologically across three historical periods. Beginning with its emergence in the 19th century, the phenomenon is traced up to modern culture. It utilizes the views of Karl Marx, Durkheim, and Simmel, and includes Lukács's concept of reification and Pappenheim's insights to transition into the 20th century. The work examines 20th-century alienation through the culture industry and consumer society, referencing analyses by Adorno, Horkheimer, Baudrillard, and Fromm. For contemporary alienation, it addresses the effects of social media use. The research finds that although alienation has always existed, its intensity increased with the 19th-century labor process and continues today in diverse forms, integrating rather than discarding elements. The study underscores the necessity for individuals to understand how their culture and self-experience alienation to achieve self-realization. It is conducted from a critical perspective using a comparative research method.
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